/* ============================================================
   Yixian Liu — Personal Site
   Apple-inspired premium layout, no framework dependency.
   ============================================================ */

/* ---------- Reset & base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }
body { margin: 0; }

:root {
  /* palette */
  --bg: #fbfbfd;
  --bg-card: #ffffff;
  --bg-dark: #060809;
  --bg-dark-2: #0d1117;
  --ink: #1d1d1f;
  --ink-2: #424245;
  --muted: #6e6e73;
  --hairline: #d2d2d7;
  --hairline-dark: #1f2329;
  --accent: #c97a2c;
  --accent-2: #0a4b78;
  --paper: #f5f5f7;

  /* typography — warm humanist stack: serif body, serif display, sans only for fine print */
  --font-display: "Fraunces", "Newsreader", "Source Serif 4", "STIX Two Text", "Songti SC", "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-serif: "Newsreader", "Source Serif 4", "Fraunces", "Songti SC", "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-sans: "Work Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Text", "PingFang SC", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
  --font-label: "Source Serif 4", "Newsreader", "Fraunces", serif;

  /* rhythm */
  --container: 1180px;
  --pad-sec: clamp(80px, 12vh, 160px);
  --pad-x: clamp(20px, 5vw, 64px);

  /* motion */
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  font-weight: 400;
}

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
em { font-style: italic; }
strong { font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------- Type utilities ---------- */
.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
}
.eyebrow--light { color: #ffb673; }

/* ---------- NAV ---------- */
.nav {
  position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(251, 251, 253, 0.72);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
  transition: background .3s, border-color .3s;
}
.nav.is-scrolled { border-bottom-color: var(--hairline); }
.nav.is-dark { background: rgba(6, 8, 9, 0.6); color: #fff; }
.nav.is-dark.is-scrolled { border-bottom-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); }

.nav__inner {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 12px var(--pad-x);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
}
.nav__brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; }
.nav__brand-mark {
  width: 28px; height: 28px;
  border-radius: 7px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), #8b4a14);
  color: #fff;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.nav__brand-name { font-weight: 500; }
.nav__links { display: flex; gap: 28px; align-items: center; font-size: 14px; }
.nav__links a {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  opacity: 0.85;
  transition: opacity .2s;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.nav.is-dark .nav__links a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); }
.nav__links a:hover { opacity: 1; }
.nav__cta {
  padding: 7px 14px;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  border-radius: 99px;
  font-size: 13px;
  opacity: 0.9 !important;
}
.nav__menu { display: none; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 8px; }

/* ---------- HERO ---------- */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 80%, #0c1626 0%, #060809 60%, #000 100%);
  color: #fff;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 120px var(--pad-x) 100px;
}
.hero__canvas {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
}
.hero__canvas canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }
.hero__overlay {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 100%, rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.18) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 30% 20%, rgba(10, 75, 120, 0.25) 0%, transparent 50%);
  z-index: 1;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero__content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
}
.hero__eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0.24em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  margin: 0 0 36px;
  font-style: italic;
}
.hero__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: clamp(48px, 8vw, 120px);
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  margin: 0 0 40px;
}
.hero__line { display: block; opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); animation: heroLine 1.2s var(--ease-out) forwards; }
.hero__line:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .15s; }
.hero__line:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .3s; }
.hero__line--accent {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #d49a5e;
  font-size: 0.62em;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.25em;
  max-width: 18ch;
}
@keyframes heroLine {
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
.hero__sub {
  font-size: 17px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
  margin: 0 0 56px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  animation: heroLine 1s var(--ease-out) 0.6s forwards;
}
.hero__stats {
  display: flex;
  gap: 64px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  opacity: 0;
  animation: heroLine 1s var(--ease-out) 0.8s forwards;
}
.stat__num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 56px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #fff;
}
.stat__label {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-style: italic;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
}
.hero__scroll {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 36px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.24em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-style: italic;
}
.hero__scroll-line {
  display: block;
  width: 1px; height: 32px;
  margin: 10px auto 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0.6), rgba(255,255,255,0));
  animation: scrollLine 2.2s var(--ease) infinite;
}
@keyframes scrollLine {
  0%, 100% { transform: scaleY(0.4); transform-origin: top; opacity: 0.4; }
  50% { transform: scaleY(1); transform-origin: top; opacity: 1; }
}

/* ---------- SECTION SHELL ---------- */
.section {
  padding: var(--pad-sec) var(--pad-x);
  position: relative;
}
.section--light { background: var(--bg); color: var(--ink); }
.section--dark { background: var(--bg-dark); color: #f5f5f7; }
.section__head {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 80px;
  text-align: left;
}
.section__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 84px);
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  max-width: 22ch;
}
.section__title--light { color: #fff; }
.section__lede {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.8vw, 26px);
  line-height: 1.42;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 60ch;
  font-weight: 300;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.section__lede--light { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65); }
.section__lede strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; }
.section--dark .section__lede strong { color: #fff; }

/* ---------- BIO BLOCK ---------- */
.bio {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 120px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 1fr) 2fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: start;
}
.bio__portrait { position: sticky; top: 100px; }
.bio__portrait-frame {
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  border-radius: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e8e3d0 0%, #c97a2c20 100%);
  position: relative;
}
.bio__portrait-frame img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover;
}
.bio__portrait-fallback {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-style: italic;
}
.bio__portrait-frame:not(.placeholder) .bio__portrait-fallback { display: none; }
.bio__caption {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 18px 0 0;
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.bio__text {
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.4vw, 21px);
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.bio__text p { margin: 0 0 24px; }
.bio__text p:first-child::first-letter {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 4em;
  float: left;
  line-height: 0.85;
  padding: 0.1em 0.12em 0 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 400;
}

/* ---------- GALLERY ---------- */
.gallery {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 120px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: 340px 340px;
  gap: 16px;
}
.gallery__cell {
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 16px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.gallery__cell--tall { grid-row: span 2; }
.gallery__cell--wide { grid-column: span 2; }
.gallery__media {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e8e3d0 0%, #f5f5f7 100%);
}
.gallery__media img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 1.2s var(--ease-out);
}
.gallery__cell:hover .gallery__media img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.gallery__fallback {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  display: grid; place-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  opacity: 0.55;
  z-index: 1;
  font-style: italic;
}
.gallery__media:not(.placeholder) .gallery__fallback { display: none; }
.gallery__media.placeholder {
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 0 16px, rgba(0,0,0,0.04) 16px 17px),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #f0e9d6 0%, #e8d6b8 60%, #d4a87a 100%);
}
.gallery__cell figcaption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 16px; left: 20px; right: 20px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
  z-index: 2;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  transition: opacity .4s var(--ease), transform .4s var(--ease);
}
.gallery__cell:hover figcaption { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.gallery__cell::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.5) 0%, transparent 50%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity .4s var(--ease);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.gallery__cell:hover::after { opacity: 1; }

/* ---------- HOBBIES ---------- */
.hobbies {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 1px;
  background: var(--hairline);
  border-radius: 22px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.hobby {
  background: var(--bg);
  padding: 48px 32px 40px;
  transition: background .4s var(--ease);
}
.hobby:hover { background: var(--bg-card); }
.hobby__num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 28px;
  color: var(--accent);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.7;
}
.hobby__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
}
.hobby p {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

/* ---------- FEATURE (paper / thesis) ---------- */
.feature {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 140px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: center;
}
.feature--reverse { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr; }
.feature__media {
  border-radius: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 24px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.section--dark .feature__media { box-shadow: 0 30px 80px rgba(0,0,0,0.6), 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.04); }
.feature__media--grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: 18px;
}
.feature__media--grid img {
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: #fff;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: 6px;
}
.feature__copy { padding: 8px 0; }
.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: 99px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
}
.tag--paper {
  background: rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.12);
  color: #e89c5b;
  border: 1px solid rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.3);
}
.tag--thesis {
  background: rgba(10, 75, 120, 0.12);
  color: #4fa0d9;
  border: 1px solid rgba(10, 75, 120, 0.35);
}
.feature__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: #fff;
}
.section--light .feature__title { color: var(--ink); }
.feature__sub {
  font-size: 18px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  font-style: italic;
  margin: 0 0 28px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  max-width: 36ch;
}
.feature__copy p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  max-width: 52ch;
}
.section--light .feature__copy p { color: var(--ink-2); }
.feature__copy strong { color: #fff; font-weight: 500; }
.section--light .feature__copy strong { color: var(--ink); }
.feature__links {
  margin-top: 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.link {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 15px;
  transition: opacity .2s;
}
.link--light { color: #ffb673; }
.link:hover { opacity: 0.7; }
.link__sep { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3); }
.meta { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); font-family: var(--font-label); font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0; }
.section--light .meta { color: var(--muted); }

.thesis-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 32px;
  margin: 36px 0;
  padding: 28px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}
.thesis-stat__num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #ffb673;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  line-height: 1;
}
.thesis-stat__label {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-style: italic;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
}

/* ---------- PROGRAMS ---------- */
.programs {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  padding-top: 60px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
}
.programs__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 300;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 36px;
  color: #fff;
  max-width: 18ch;
}
.programs__list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.programs__list li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
}
.programs__link {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr auto;
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 22px 0;
  align-items: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: padding .35s var(--ease), background .35s var(--ease);
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin: 0 -16px;
  padding-left: 16px;
  padding-right: 16px;
  position: relative;
}
.programs__link:hover {
  padding-left: 28px;
  background: rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.06);
}
.programs__rank {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
  transition: color .25s var(--ease);
}
.programs__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.7vw, 26px);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
  transition: color .25s var(--ease);
}
.programs__arrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.7em;
  color: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translate(-6px, 0);
  transition: opacity .3s var(--ease), transform .35s var(--ease), color .25s var(--ease);
}
.programs__link:hover .programs__arrow {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.programs__link:hover .programs__name {
  color: #ffb673;
}
.programs__link:hover .programs__rank {
  color: #ffd9a8;
}
.programs__field {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-style: italic;
  transition: color .25s var(--ease);
}
.programs__link:hover .programs__field {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
}

/* ---------- RECOMMENDERS ---------- */
.recommenders {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-top: 60px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
}
.rec-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  margin-top: 32px;
}
.rec {
  padding: 28px 24px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  border-radius: 16px;
}
.rec__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.rec__org { font-size: 13px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); margin: 0 0 4px; }
.rec__role { font-size: 14px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-label); font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0; }

/* ---------- CAREER NARRATIVE ---------- */
.career-narrative {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.6vw, 24px);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-weight: 300;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.career-narrative p { margin: 0 0 24px; }

/* ---------- BIO: hook + timeline ---------- */
.bio__hook {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.2vw, 30px);
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 40px;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}
.bio__hook em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.bio__text p:first-child::first-letter { all: unset; }  /* turn off drop-cap for new hook */

.timeline {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  padding-left: 24px;
}
.timeline__item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 12px 0;
  position: relative;
}
.timeline__item::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: -28px; top: 22px;
  width: 7px; height: 7px;
  background: var(--muted);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.timeline__item--accent::before {
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.18);
}
.timeline__year {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 17px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.timeline__what {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.timeline__item--accent .timeline__what {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* ---------- COMPARISON TABLE (paper section) ---------- */
.compare-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 24px 0 28px;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
}
.compare-table thead th {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 10px 0;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
}
.compare-table thead th.compare-table__win {
  color: #ffb673;
}
.compare-table tbody th {
  text-align: left;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.42);
  padding: 14px 16px 14px 0;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-style: italic;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
  width: 30%;
}
.compare-table tbody td {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 18px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.compare-table tbody td.compare-table__win {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.compare-table tbody tr:last-child th,
.compare-table tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }

.feature__caption {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  max-width: 48ch;
}
.section--light .feature__caption { color: var(--muted); }
.feature__caption em { color: #ffb673; font-style: italic; }
.section--light .feature__caption em { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- METHODS COMPARE (thesis section) ---------- */
.methods-compare {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 28px 0 24px;
  padding: 28px 24px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  border-radius: 14px;
}
.methods-compare__col {
  text-align: center;
}
.methods-compare__col--win {
  position: relative;
}
.methods-compare__tag {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
}
.methods-compare__col--win .methods-compare__tag {
  color: #ffb673;
}
.methods-compare__stat {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 38px);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  line-height: 1.1;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.methods-compare__col--win .methods-compare__stat {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.methods-compare__meta {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.methods-compare__caption {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.methods-compare__vs {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 22px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
  font-weight: 300;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .methods-compare { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .methods-compare__vs { transform: rotate(90deg); }
}

/* ---------- CAREER SNAPSHOT (key-value) ---------- */
.career-snapshot {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}
.career-snapshot__row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 22px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.career-snapshot__row:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.career-snapshot dt {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.career-snapshot dd {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.6vw, 26px);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 300;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.career-snapshot dd em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78em;
}

/* ---------- PROOF TABLE (traits compact) ---------- */
.proof {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
}
.proof-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-top: 24px;
}
.proof-table th {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.6vw, 22px);
  font-weight: 400;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 24px 24px 24px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  width: 48%;
}
.proof-table td {
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: 24px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  vertical-align: baseline;
}
.proof-table tr:last-child th,
.proof-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
.proof-table tr:hover th { color: var(--accent); }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .proof-table th, .proof-table td {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 8px 0;
    border-top: 0;
  }
  .proof-table tr { display: block; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
  .proof-table tr:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
}

/* ---------- LECTURE BANNER (Career) ---------- */
.lecture-banner {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: center;
}
.lecture-banner__media {
  border-radius: 18px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--paper);
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  position: relative;
}
.lecture-banner__media img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 1.4s var(--ease-out);
}
.lecture-banner:hover .lecture-banner__media img { transform: scale(1.03); }
.lecture-banner__caption {
  padding: 8px 0;
  max-width: 42ch;
}
.lecture-banner__eyebrow {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.lecture-banner__caption p {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.2vw, 32px);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .lecture-banner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .lecture-banner__media { aspect-ratio: 3 / 2; }
}

/* ---------- SKILLS ---------- */
.skills {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 64px 48px;
}
.skills__heading {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 18px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
}
.skills__group { position: relative; }

.skill {
  position: relative;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  margin: 0 -20px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  cursor: default;
  transition: background .3s var(--ease);
}
.skill:hover {
  background: rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.05);
}
.skill__row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  gap: 16px;
}
.skill__name {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.skill__level {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  color: var(--muted);
  text-align: right;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  font-style: italic;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: color .3s var(--ease);
}
.skill:hover .skill__level { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 500; }

.skill__bar {
  height: 7px;
  background: rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.10);
  border-radius: 99px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}
.skill__bar span {
  position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #a85a18 0%, var(--accent) 50%, #e89c5b 100%);
  border-radius: 99px;
  width: 0%;
  transition: width 1.6s var(--ease-out) .2s, box-shadow .35s var(--ease);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(201, 122, 44, 0);
}
.skill:hover .skill__bar span {
  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.45);
}

/* Popover that pops out on hover */
.skill__popover {
  margin-top: 0;
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition:
    max-height .4s var(--ease),
    opacity .35s var(--ease),
    margin-top .4s var(--ease),
    transform .4s var(--ease);
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.skill:hover .skill__popover {
  max-height: 80px;
  opacity: 1;
  margin-top: 14px;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.skill__popover strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-style: italic;
  white-space: nowrap;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.skill__popover em {
  font-style: italic;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  line-height: 1.4;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .skill__popover em { min-width: 0; }
}

/* ---------- TRAITS ---------- */
.traits {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto 100px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 56px 80px;
}
.trait h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2vw, 30px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.trait p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

/* ---------- SECTORS ---------- */
.sectors {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.sectors__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 36px;
}
.sector {
  padding: 36px 28px 32px;
  border: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  transition: border-color .3s var(--ease), transform .4s var(--ease);
}
.sector:hover { border-color: var(--accent); transform: translateY(-4px); }
.sector__icon {
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}
.sector__icon svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.sector h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.sector p {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

/* ---------- CONTACT ---------- */
.contact {
  background: var(--bg-dark);
  color: #fff;
  padding: var(--pad-sec) var(--pad-x);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.contact::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 80% 0%, rgba(201, 122, 44, 0.15) 0%, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 100%, rgba(10, 75, 120, 0.18) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.contact__inner {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.contact__title {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(56px, 9vw, 130px);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  margin: 0 0 32px;
  color: #fff;
}
.contact__sub {
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.6vw, 22px);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.65);
  margin: 0 0 64px;
  max-width: 56ch;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.contact__methods {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 56px;
  padding: 36px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}
.contact__method { display: block; transition: opacity .2s; }
a.contact__method:hover { opacity: 0.7; }
.contact__label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-label);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-style: italic;
}
.contact__value {
  display: block;
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.3vw, 18px);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}
.contact__downloads { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.btn {
  padding: 14px 28px;
  border-radius: 99px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  transition: opacity .2s, transform .2s var(--ease);
  display: inline-block;
}
.btn--primary {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
.btn--primary:hover { opacity: 0.9; transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}
.btn--ghost:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.05); }

/* ---------- FOOTER ---------- */
.footer {
  background: #000;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  padding: 32px var(--pad-x);
  font-size: 12px;
}
.footer__inner {
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
}
.footer__note { margin: 0; opacity: 0.6; }
.footer p { margin: 0; }

/* ---------- REVEAL ANIMATIONS ---------- */
/* Visible by default — JS adds .js-ready to <html>, then .reveal hides itself
   until IntersectionObserver adds .is-visible. Means no-JS users still see content. */
.js-ready .reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(28px);
  transition: opacity 1s var(--ease-out), transform 1s var(--ease-out);
}
.js-ready .reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .js-ready .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition: none; }
}

/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .bio { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px; }
  .bio__portrait { position: static; max-width: 340px; }
  .feature, .feature--reverse {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 48px;
  }
  .hobbies { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .sectors__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .skills { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .traits { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .rec-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .contact__methods { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .gallery {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: 280px 280px 280px;
  }
  .gallery__cell--tall { grid-row: span 2; }
  .gallery__cell--wide { grid-column: span 2; grid-row: span 1; }
  .thesis-stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
  .programs__list li { grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .programs__field { grid-column: 2; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 4px; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .nav__links a:not(.nav__cta) { display: none; }
  .hero__stats { gap: 32px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 100px; }
  .gallery {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: repeat(4, 260px);
  }
  .gallery__cell--tall, .gallery__cell--wide { grid-column: span 1; grid-row: span 1; }
  .hobbies { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .sectors__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .bio__text p:first-child::first-letter {
    font-size: 3em;
  }
}

/* ---------- UTILITIES ---------- */
.placeholder { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e8e3d0 0%, #f5f5f7 100%); }
.section--dark .placeholder { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a1d24 0%, #0d1117 100%); }